Retrofit-白红宇

Retrofit

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发布时间：2019-06-14

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Introduction

Retrofit turns your HTTP API into a Java interface.

public interface GitHubService {  @GET("users/{user}/repos")  Call
      
       
        > listRepos(@Path("user") String user);}

The Retrofit class generates an implementation of the GitHubService interface.

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()    .baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")    .build();GitHubService service = retrofit.create(GitHubService.class);

Each Call from the created GitHubService can make a synchronous or asynchronous HTTP request to the remote webserver.

Call
      
       
        > repos = service.listRepos("octocat");

Use annotations to describe the HTTP request:

URL parameter replacement and query parameter support

Object conversion to request body (e.g., JSON, protocol buffers)

Multipart request body and file upload

API Declaration

Annotations on the interface methods and its parameters indicate how a request will be handled.

REQUEST METHOD

Every method must have an HTTP annotation that provides the request method and relative URL. There are five built-in annotations: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, and HEAD. The relative URL of the resource is specified in the annotation.

@GET("users/list")

You can also specify query parameters in the URL.

@GET("users/list?sort=desc")

URL MANIPULATION

A request URL can be updated dynamically using replacement blocks and parameters on the method. A replacement block is an alphanumeric string surrounded by {

and }. A corresponding parameter must be annotated with @Path using the same string.

@GET("group/{id}/users")Call
      
       
        > groupList(@Path("id") int groupId);

Query parameters can also be added.

@GET("group/{id}/users")Call
      
       
        > groupList(@Path("id") int groupId, @Query("sort") String sort);

For complex query parameter combinations a Map can be used.

@GET("group/{id}/users")Call
      
       
        > groupList(@Path("id") int groupId, @QueryMap Map
        
          options);

REQUEST BODY

An object can be specified for use as an HTTP request body with the @Body annotation.

@POST("users/new")Call
      
        createUser(@Body User user);

The object will also be converted using a converter specified on the Retrofit instance. If no converter is added, only RequestBodycan be used.

FORM ENCODED AND MULTIPART

Methods can also be declared to send form-encoded and multipart data.

Form-encoded data is sent when @FormUrlEncoded is present on the method. Each key-value pair is annotated with @Fieldcontaining the name and the object providing the value.

@FormUrlEncoded@POST("user/edit")Call
      
        updateUser(@Field("first_name") String first, @Field("last_name") String last);

Multipart requests are used when @Multipart is present on the method. Parts are declared using the @Part annotation.

@Multipart@PUT("user/photo")Call
      
        updateUser(@Part("photo") RequestBody photo, @Part("description") RequestBody description);

Multipart parts use one of Retrofit's converters or they can implement RequestBody to handle their own serialization.

HEADER MANIPULATION

You can set static headers for a method using the @Headers annotation.

@Headers("Cache-Control: max-age=640000")@GET("widget/list")Call
      
       
        > widgetList();

@Headers({    "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3.full+json",    "User-Agent: Retrofit-Sample-App"})@GET("users/{username}")Call
      
        getUser(@Path("username") String username);

Note that headers do not overwrite each other. All headers with the same name will be included in the request.

A request Header can be updated dynamically using the @Header annotation. A corresponding parameter must be provided to the @Header. If the value is null, the header will be omitted. Otherwise, toString will be called on the value, and the result used.

@GET("user")Call
      
        getUser(@Header("Authorization") String authorization)

Headers that need to be added to every request can be specified using an .

SYNCHRONOUS VS. ASYNCHRONOUS

Call instances can be executed either synchronously or asynchronously. Each instance can only be used once, but calling clone() will create a new instance that can be used.

On Android, callbacks will be executed on the main thread. On the JVM, callbacks will happen on the same thread that executed the HTTP request.

Retrofit Configuration

Retrofit is the class through which your API interfaces are turned into callable objects. By default, Retrofit will give you sane defaults for your platform but it allows for customization.

CONVERTERS

By default, Retrofit can only deserialize HTTP bodies into OkHttp's ResponseBody type and it can only accept its RequestBody type for @Body.

Converters can be added to support other types. Six sibling modules adapt popular serialization libraries for your convenience.

: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson

: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-jackson

: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshi

: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-protobuf

: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-wire

: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-simplexml

Scalars (primitives, boxed, and String): com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-scalars

Here's an example of using the GsonConverterFactory class to generate an implementation of the GitHubService interface which uses Gson for its deserialization.

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()    .baseUrl("https://api.github.com")    .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())    .build();GitHubService service = retrofit.create(GitHubService.class);

CUSTOM CONVERTERS

If you need to communicate with an API that uses a content-format that Retrofit does not support out of the box (e.g. YAML, txt, custom format) or you wish to use a different library to implement an existing format, you can easily create your own converter. Create a class that extends the and pass in an instance when building your adapter.

Download

The source code to the Retrofit, its samples, and this website is .

MAVEN


        
       
        com.squareup.retrofit2
         
       
        retrofit
         
       
        (insert latest version)

GRADLE

compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:(insert latest version)'

Retrofit requires at minimum Java 7 or Android 2.3.

PROGUARD

If you are using ProGuard in your project add the following lines to your configuration:

# Platform calls Class.forName on types which do not exist on Android to determine platform.-dontnote retrofit2.Platform# Platform used when running on Java 8 VMs. Will not be used at runtime.-dontwarn retrofit2.Platform$Java8# Retain generic type information for use by reflection by converters and adapters.-keepattributes Signature# Retain declared checked exceptions for use by a Proxy instance.-keepattributes Exceptions

Retrofit uses under the hood, so you may want to look at its as well.

Contributing

If you would like to contribute code you can do so through GitHub by forking the repository and sending a pull request.

When submitting code, please make every effort to follow existing conventions and style in order to keep the code as readable as possible. Please also make sure your code compiles by running mvn clean verify.

Before your code can be accepted into the project you must also sign the .

License

Copyright 2013 Square, Inc.Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.You may obtain a copy of the License at   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, softwaredistributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.See the License for the specific language governing permissions andlimitations under the License.